UW Journal of Management Sciences

Does the cause related market really predict the consumer purchase intention?

Muhammad Hasnain Abbas Naqvi — 2023-06-30

Purpose: The current study intents to evaluate how to cause promotion strategy shapes customer viewpoint, perception, and purchasing behavior. To achieve the research objectives of the present study considered the integrated model based on the theory of planned behavior. The integrated model evaluates the role of causal marketing towards the consumer purchase intention. In addition to that the present study proposed that the consumer perception and attitude, and brand loyalty significantly mediate the association between causal marketing and consumer purchase intention.

Design and Methodology: The present study used the non-probability sampling technique. The association among the latent constructs was evaluated using the structural equation modeling technique. The findings of the current study revealed a link between causal marketing and purchasing behavior and attitude. Consumers are more inclined to support corporations that participate in cause campaigns and acquire a favorable view of the firm and its products. The study's main result is that while consumers may be more favorable to causal Marketing, the trademark must be regarded to have a usual link with the cause. Furthermore, causal marketing has the potential to elicit a more favorable shift in brand attitude than sales promotion. This shift in attitude is influenced by the consumer's perception of the approach itself.

Findings: Finding of present study affirms that brand loyalty and consumer perception, and attitude significantly and positively linked with the consumer purchase intentions. Furthermore, the findings affirm that brand loyalty and consumer perception, and attitude significantly and positively mediate the association between the causal marketing and consumer purchase intention.

Implications: Causal Marketing may also elicit a favorable shift in brand attitude more successfully than a promotional strategy. This shift in mindset is dependent on the consumer's reaction to the approach itself.

Keywords: Causal Marketing, Brand Loyalty, Consumer perception and attitude, Consumer purchase intention.

Exchange Rate Shocks and Sectoral Returns Dynamics in Pre-Covid Era: An Examination through GARCH Based Dynamic Models

Hassan Javed — 2023-06-30

Purpose: The main goal of this article is to examine, using daily data from June 2000 to June 2018, the relationship between the exchange rate and sectoral returns in Pakistan.

Design and Methodology: Using the ARMA GARCH model, mean and volatility Spillover are evaluated. DCC-GARCH models are also utilized to investigate the dynamic disposition of constant correlation.

Findings: The study's findings suggest that exchange rate volatility has a significant Spillover effect on industries such as those that assemble cars, cement, chemicals, commercial banks, oil and gas, and power generation and distribution, although there is little evidence to support this claim. Strong evidence is discovered against industries using the DCC-GARCH model, which is also utilized to assess the time-varying conditional correlation.

Implications: The results' implications are crucial for the advantages of portfolio diversification as well as risk management in erratic foreign exchange and stock markets. The insights of this study can be used by investors to develop investing strategies for risk control and portfolio diversification.

Keywords: Mean & Volatility Transmission, Exchange Rate, Sectoral Returns, Time-varying Conditional Correlation & DCC-GARCH models.

Does the financial performance of Islamic banks outperform that of conventional banks in Pakistan?

Suliman khan — 2023-06-30

Purpose: This article investigates the differences in the financial performance of full-fledged Islamic and conventional banks operating in Pakistan. This study also examines the impact of some inter-bank financial factors on the performance of both full-fledged Islamic and conventional banks.

Design and Methodology: Annual financial data of 7 banks including (4 full-fledged Islamic and 3 conventional) were extracted from the state bank of Pakistan from 2006 to 2019. To investigate the performance differences between Islamic and conventional banks this study adopts Ordinary Least Square methods.

Findings: Results of the study show that ROA for both types of banks is not indifferent to each other. However, the ROE of Islamic banks outperforms conventional banks in Pakistan. The results of the inter-bank factors indicate that LDR has a significant and negative impact on the performance of conventional banks, whereas positive in the case of Islamic banks. The result of the number of employees and branches suggests that opening new branches and recruiting new employees will positively affect the performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan.

Implications: These results are beneficial for policymakers of both full-fledged Islamic and conventional banks and the investors of the country.

Keywords: Islamic banking, Conventional banking, Profitability, Pakistan

How does Leaders’ Aversiveness Effect Employees’ Life Satisfaction? Moderation of Emotional Resilience

Maryam Ali — 2023-06-30

Purpose: The current study investigates the impact of aversive leadership on employee life satisfaction with the moderation of emotional resilience. The study is conducted on service sector employees as being the major contributor to economic growth.

Design and Methodology: The study was conducted cross-sectionally with a sample of 350 in Pakistan using the convenience sampling method.

Findings: The current study discovered that aversive leadership has a significant negative impact on employee life satisfaction. As aversive leaders practice threatening and intimidation leading to employee stress at work and at home. Moreover, employees with the ability of emotional resilience were found to be better at handling their leaders’ aversion, reducing their life stress and dissatisfaction.

Implications: The current study provides significant literature and helps practitioners better judge these aspects in humans when hiring and handling.

Keywords: Destructive Leadership Aversive Leadership, Life Satisfaction, Resilience and Emotional Resilience.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Creative Performance: The Indirect Effect of Creative Self-Efficacy, Spiritual Intelligence, and Organizational Identification

Omer Sagheer — 2023-06-30

Purpose: The relationship between CSR and improved attitudes and actions on the job is the subject of a growing corpus of study. Even while there is evidence that CSR boosts employee loyalty, motivation, contentment, and commitment, there is surprisingly little research on how CSR affects employees' ability to think creatively.

Design and Methodology: The sample data were collected from Six Pakistani MNCs involved in CSR practices in the capital cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. These companies include Jazz, Telenor, Careem, Schlumberger, Berger Paints Pakistan, and McDonald's Pakistan. Only these six were chosen because they are the top-ranked organizations in Pakistan. The self-employed questionnaire was rotated via Google Forms. Out of 60 responses, 52 were considered for the present study. The repeated items, some questions left unchecked were excluded from the study.

Findings: The results have shown that the Employee-managers who place a high priority on CSR campaigns and other practices are seen in the research to have positive effects on the firm, including increased employee dedication, loyalty, and innovation. Also, it was found that organizational identity mediates between creative self-efficacy and Spiritual Intelligence and has a positive effect on organizations’ performance.

Implications: The findings provided useful insight for policymakers in MNCs organizations for planning and execution by incorporating CSR practices for the positive outcome and to maintain a positive environment in the organization for optimization of output.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Ability; Organizational Identification; Creative Self-Efficacy; Employee-Manager Relationship; Spiritual Intelligence; MNCs; Pakistan.

Herding Because of Bayesian Learning/Informational Cascades or Social Pressure? An Experimental Study

Waqar Ahmed — 2023-06-30

Purpose: Herding behavior remains a debatable topic in behavioral finance. In past many researchers studied different aspects of Herding behavior and suggested it to be as an important factor in financial decision-making. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether herding exists or not? If yes, is it a rational or irrational process? And how do different personality’s traits have an impact on the decision makers’ choice of herding?

Design and Methodology: An online program was designed on MATLAB to experience the real time herding behavior of both male and female subjects. An experimental design was administered to 30 respondents in a lab setting; out of 30 respondents 21 were males, and 9 were females having different educational & professional backgrounds. Data on personality traits was gathered through Eysenck’s Impulsivity, Venturesomeness, and Empathy (IVE) questionnaire.

Findings: Result indicated that herding exists and herding behavior can be a result of the both rational and irrational thinking process. Some of the personality traits have an impact on herding behavior, while others did not show any impact on herding behavior

Implications: The findings provided useful insight for policymakers and investors.

Impact of Exchange rate on Macro-Economic Indicators: Evidence from Asian Region

Saad Alam Khokhar — 2023-06-30

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the Impact of exchange rate on Macro-Economic Indicators.

Design and Methodology: For this study data was collected from different source such as World development Indicator, International Statistic among others. Partial Least Square analysis has been used on data from 2005 to 2020 for Asian Countries.

Findings: The results indicates that trade is more significant than FDI in Asian regions. More specifically, trade has a significant relationship while FDI has no significant relationship in Asian Countries. However, both variables have a significant relationship with exchange rate in case of Pakistan.

Implications: The world is constantly facing the rapid downturn after covid-19 pandemic, this downturn has abruptly affected the investors’ sentiments to invest in underdeveloped countries. The study will facilitate the policy makers in formulation of new economic policies. In order to increase inflow of FDI and international trade, it is beneficial to have lowest exchange rate fluctuations. Further, the investors and traders can design their strategies by considering the fluctuation in exchange rate of these countries.

Firm’s Growth and Share Price Volatility: Evidence from Pakistan

Ataullah — 2023-06-30

Purpose: This research aims to determine how the growth of non-financial dividend-paying companies affects stock prices. This study investigates the impact of growth of the firm on stock prices using different statistical tools and models.

Design and Methodology: A decade of research will be conducted from 2011 to 2020. Dividend announcements, gearing ratios, firm size, and profitability ratios—all growth indicators—are significant drivers of stock price volatility, according to the findings of this study.

Findings: The results support Lintner's and Gorden's "Bird in Hand theory". Companies can earn the trust of long-term investors by maintaining a consistent dividend policy and growth rate. Investors may find more excellent value in the stocks of companies that consistently report significant dividend increases and have a high profitability ratio. Companies that announce high dividends, gearing ratios, and profits typically have promising futures and rising earnings. The study's findings suggest that, from a shareholder's standpoint, shareholders should prefer stocks of companies that pay a high and stable dividend, are large, and generate significant profits.

Implications: Findings are providing information to investors that companies' stock prices are so sensitive to dividend volatility and low profitability ratios because these factors directly impact those metrics.